Matching
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Match each term with the correct statement below. a. | mid-ocean
ridge | d. | subduction
zone | b. | convergent
boundary | e. | continental
drift | c. | asthenosphere | | | | |
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1.
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A(n)
_____ is an underwater mountain chain.
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2.
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Plates move together at a(n) _____.
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3.
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One
plate is forced under another in a(n) _____.
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4.
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The
main points of evidence for _____ are fossils, rocks, and climate.
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5.
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Earth's thick, plasticlike layer is the _____.
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Match each term with the correct statement below. a. | seafloor | c. | continents | b. | Pangaea | d. | lithosphere | | | | |
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6.
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Alfred Wegener believed that the ______ were once joined.
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7.
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The
name ______ comes from two words that mean "all land."
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8.
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The
Glomar Challenger gathered information about rocks on the _____.
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9.
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The
crust and upper mantle make up the _____.
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Short Answer
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10.
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Why
are there few volcanoes in the Himalaya?
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11.
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Glacial deposits often form at a high latitude near the poles. Explain why glacial
deposits have been found in Africa.
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12.
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Why
did Alfred Wegener believe that all of the continents once had been joined?
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13.
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How
does a mid-ocean ridge form?
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14.
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What
is the difference between a convergent and a divergent plate boundary?
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15.
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In
what direction does warmer material move in a convection current?
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16.
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How
were the Andes mountain range, the Himalayas, and the Appalachian Mountains similarly
formed?
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17.
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How
were the Andes mountain range and the Himalayas formed differently?
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18.
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Explain how research from the Glomar Challenger helped scientists support the
theory of seafloor spreading.
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19.
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What
new technology was used to map the seafloor beginning in the 1940s and 1950s?
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20.
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Figure 10-2 shows the puzzlelike fit of South America and Africa. Explain some of the
other evidence used to support the hypothesis of continental drift.
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Figure
10-2
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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21.
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A
____ is a sensitive device used to detect magnetic fields on the seafloor. a. | Glomar | c. | geologist's
compass | b. | magnetometer | d. | seismometer | | | | |
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22.
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The
hypothesis that continents have slowly moved to their current locations is called
____. a. | magnetic
reversal | c. | continental
drift | b. | convection | d. | continental slope | | | | |
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23.
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The
youngest rocks on the ocean floor are located ____. a. | at mid-ocean
ridges | c. | near
Asia | b. | near
continents | d. | far from
mid-ocean ridges | | | | |
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24.
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Plates slide past one another at ____. a. | convection
currents | c. | transform
boundaries | b. | divergent boundaries | d. | subduction zones | | | | |
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25.
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____
are formed when two continental plates collide. a. | Mountain ranges | c. | Rift valleys | b. | Volcanoes | d. | Strike-slip
faults | | | | |
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26.
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A
____ forms where two oceanic plates collide. a. | hot spot | c. | subduction zone | b. | rift
valley | d. | transform
boundary | | | | |
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27.
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While
studying the ocean floor, scientists found ____ bands of magnetism. a. | alternating | c. | rectangular | b. | no | d. | plastic | | | | |
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28.
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Continental drift states that continents have moved ____ to their current
location. a. | very
little | c. | quickly | b. | vertically | d. | slowly | | | | |
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Figure
10-1
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29.
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According to Figure 10-1, what type of plate boundary occurs between the Nazca Plate
and the South American Plate? a. | convergent oceanic-oceanic plate
boundary | b. | transform boundary | c. | convergent
oceanic-continental plate boundary | d. | convergent continental-continental plate
boundary | | |
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30.
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According to Figure 10-1, what type of plate boundary occurs between the North
American Plate and the Eurasian Plate? a. | divergent boundary | b. | transform
boundary | c. | convergent oceanic-oceanic plate
boundary | d. | convergent oceanic-continental plate
boundary | | |
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31.
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Plates move apart at ____ boundaries. a. | stable | c. | divergent | b. | convergent | d. | transform | | | | |
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32.
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Matching ____ on different continents are evidence for continental
drift. a. | weather
patterns | c. | river
systems | b. | rock structures | d. | wind systems | | | | |
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33.
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A
fossil plant that helps support the theory of continental drift is ____. a. | Pangaea | c. | Mesosaurus | b. | Glomar | d. | Glossopteris | | | | |
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34.
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The
Andes mountain range of South America was formed at a ____. a. | divergent
boundary | c. | transform
boundary | b. | convergent boundary | d. | hot spot | | | | |
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35.
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The
____ is (are) an example of a transform boundary. a. | Himalaya | c. | Mid-Atlantic Ridge | b. | San Andreas
Fault | d. | Appalachian
Mountains | | | | |
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36.
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The
Great Rift Valley in Africa is a ____. a. | divergent boundary | c. | mid-ocean ridge | b. | convergent
boundary | d. | transform
boundary | | | | |
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37.
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Scientists believe that differences in ____ cause hot, plasticlike rock in the
asthenosphere to rise toward Earth's surface. a. | density | c. | magnetism | b. | weight | d. | composition | | | | |
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38.
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The
crust and upper mantle make up Earth's ____. a. | continents | c. | lithosphere | b. | asthenosphere | d. | core | | | | |
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39.
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Wegener believed that the continents originally broke apart about ____ years
ago. a. | 500
million | c. | 400
million | b. | 300 million | d. | 200 million | | | | |
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40.
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The
alignment of iron minerals in rocks when they are formed reflects the fact that Earth's ____ has
reversed itself several times in the past. a. | magnetic field | c. | gravity | b. | asthenosphere | d. | core | | | | |
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41.
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Active volcanoes are most likely to form at ____. a. | divergent
boundaries | b. | the center of continents | c. | transform
boundaries | d. | convergent oceanic–continental
boundaries | | |
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42.
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Seafloor spreading occurs because ____. a. | earthquakes
break apart the ocean floor | b. | new material is being added to the
asthenosphere | c. | sediments accumulate at the area of
spreading | d. | molten material beneath Earth's crust rises to the
surface | | |
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43.
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Scientists have observed that the plates move at rates ranging from 1 cm to 12 cm per
____. a. | year | c. | century | b. | day | d. | decade | | | | |
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44.
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The
boundary between two plates moving together is called a ____. a. | transform
boundary | c. | convergent
boundary | b. | lithosphere | d. | divergent boundary | | | | |
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45.
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The
presence of the same ____ on several continents supports the hypothesis of continental
drift. a. | fossils | c. | neither a nor
b | b. | rocks | d. | both a and
b | | | | |
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46.
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____
currents inside Earth might drive plate motion. a. | Vertical | c. | Horizontal | b. | Convection | d. | none of the
above | | | | |
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47.
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Plates of the lithosphere float on the ____. a. | core | c. | asthenosphere | b. | crust | d. | atmosphere | | | | |
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48.
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The
Glomar Challenger provided support for the theory of plate tectonics by providing
____. a. | samples of plant
life from mid-ocean ridges | b. | direct measurements of the movement of
continents | c. | high-altitude photos of existing
continents | d. | samples of older rock found far from mid-ocean
ridges | | |
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49.
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Bands
of rock on the seafloor showing alternating magnetic orientation indicate Earth's magnetic field has
____. a. | become
stronger | c. | weakened | b. | remained the same | d. | reversed itself in the past | | | | |
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50.
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In
order to complete a convection current, the rising material must eventually ____
Earth. a. | sink back
into | c. | warm | b. | cool | d. | stop inside | | | | |
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51.
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The
____ are mountains formed by the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian
Plate. a. | Rockies | c. | Himalaya | b. | Alps | d. | Appalachians | | | | |
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52.
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The
result of plate movement can be seen at ____. a. | plate boundaries | c. | ocean margins | b. | plate
centers | d. | abyssal
plains | | | | |
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53.
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A
lack of explanation for continental drift prevented many scientists from accepting that a single
supercontinent called ____ once existed. a. | Glossopteris | c. | Pangaea | b. | Glomar | d. | Wegener | | | | |
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