Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement. a. | Bureau of Indian
Affairs | i. | Willa
Cather | b. | Massacre at Wounded Knee | j. | railhead | c. | Sarah
Winnemucca | k. | open
range | d. | George Armstrong Custer | l. | Joseph Glidden | e. | Sitting
Bull | m. | Texas
longhorn | f. | Morrill Act | n. | Comstock Lode | g. | sod
houses | o. | hard-rock
mining | h. | bonanza farm | p. | William H. Seward | | | | |
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1.
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U.S.
Army general who led soldiers in the Battle of the Little Bighorn where he and a battalion of his
soldiers were killed
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2.
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a
town located along a railroad where cattle were sold and shipped east
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3.
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government land act that granted more than 17 million acres of federal land to the
states
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4.
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a
large-scale farming operation made possible by the use of new farm machinery and cheap
land
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5.
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a
hardy breed of cattle that could travel long distances with little water and survive on
grass
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6.
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free
grazing land used by western ranchers
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7.
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a
great chief of the Lakota Sioux who led them in battles against U.S. soldiers
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8.
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an
Illinois farmer who patented barbed wire
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9.
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U.S.
secretary of state who negotiated the purchase of Alaska in 1867
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10.
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a
Paiute reformer who called attention to injustices toward American Indians and gave lectures to
non-Indian audiences
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11.
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sinking deep shafts into the earth to obtain ore locked in veins of
rocks
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12.
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the
last great battle between American Indians and soldiers on the Great Plains
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13.
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government agency responsible for managing issues involving American
Indians
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14.
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one
of the world’s richest silver veins, located in Nevada’s Carson River valley
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15.
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a
writer who told stories of life on the Great Plains
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Essay
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16.
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How
did technology change the West?
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17.
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Compare and contrast the impact of ranching, railways, and mining on the growth of the
West.
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Other
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Write
T if the statement is true or F if it is false. If a statement is false, explain
why.
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18.
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______ Many African Americans moved west in the 1870s to escape
violence and persecution in the South.
_________________________________________________________________
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19.
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______ Hard-rock mining was dangerous and miners who were
injured rarely received any compensation from the companies.
_________________________________________________________________
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20.
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______ Most of the early gold and silver discoveries were made by large mining
companies.
_________________________________________________________________
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21.
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______ Homesteaders in the West enjoyed almost immediate
prosperity due largely to cheap land and abundant water.
_________________________________________________________________
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22.
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______ Cowboys gathered the cattle off the free range during the spring
roundup.
_________________________________________________________________
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23.
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______ After some young Nez Percé killed four white
settlers, Chief Joseph led the Nez Percé in an attempted escape to
Canada.
_________________________________________________________________
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24.
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______ Wovoka claimed that the Ghost Dance would cause dead
Indian ancestors to return to life, would bring back the buffalo, and would renew traditional Indian
ways of life.
_________________________________________________________________
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25.
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______ The growth of the cattle industry continued throughout the
1800s.
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26.
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______ At the Sand Creek Massacre, Cheyenne led by Black Kettle
killed many soldiers led by U.S. Army colonel John M. Chivington.
_________________________________________________________________
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27.
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______ The U.S. government granted railroad companies large
tracts of land because they believed the railroads would promote growth of the
West.
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28.
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______ Cattle and sheep ranching grew rapidly in the West following the Civil
War.
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29.
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______ Life in the mining camps of the late 1800s was brutal and often
violent.
_________________________________________________________________
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30.
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______ Railroads were built into Texas so cattle could be rapidly shipped to the
eastern markets.
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31.
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______ Settlers on the Great Plains experienced blizzards and
extreme cold in the winters and fierce heat and devastating droughts in the
summers.
_________________________________________________________________
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32.
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______ Gold discoveries in Alaska in 1898 and 1902 attracted many settlers to that
territory.
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33.
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______ Many ranches covered thousands of acres because the land
was poor and water was scarce.
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For
each of the following statements or questions, identify the letter of the best choice. Next, expand
on the subject by answering the second question.
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34.
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On
the long cattle drives, cowboys
a. enjoyed good working conditions and high
pay.
b. had to deal with dangerous river crossings and
stampedes.
c. were rarely away from home for more than a few
weeks.
d. faced few real challenges.
Why did cattle ranchers undertake the long
drives?
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35.
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The
purpose of the Pacific Railway Act was to
a. promote the
building of a railway to link the East and West Coasts.
b. limit the
power of railroad companies to take land belonging to American Indians.
c. encourage
non-Indian settlers to homestead in the West.
d. determine the
best railroad route across the Great Plains.
What did railway companies do with land they acquired through the
Pacific Railway Act?
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36.
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Environmental problems faced by settlers on the Great Plains
included
a. deep snows and floods.
b. vast buffalo
herds that consumed crops and grasses intended for cattle.
c. extreme
summer and winter temperatures, water shortages, fire, and insects.
d. high
mountains that made road-building difficult.
What technology did settlers use to overcome some of the environmental
handicaps of the Great Plains?
_________________________________________________________________
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37.
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The
era of the individual miner and prospector did not last long because
a. accessible
mineral deposits were soon “worked out.”
b. large mining
companies bought them out.
c. the work was hard, profits small, and most gave
up.
d. the market for gold and silver declined sharply because of
overproduction.
How did larger mining operations
succeed?
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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38.
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African American settlers rushed into Kansas during the so-called Kansas Fever
of a. | 1894. | c. | 1867. | b. | 1852. | d. | 1877. | | | | |
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39.
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The
Sand Creek Massacre occurred because a. | Black Kettle distrusted the soldiers and hoped to gain victory
through a surprise attack. | b. | The Cheyenne panicked and began to run when they saw the
soldiers. | c. | Cheyenne men returning from a hunt opened fire on the
soldiers. | d. | Colonel Chivington ordered his troops to open fire to kill the
Indians. | | |
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40.
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Sheep
ranching a. | was introduced
by non-Indian settlers moving west from the Mississippi Valley. | b. | was first
practiced by the Navajo and Apache of the Southwest. | c. | was widely
despised by cattle ranchers. | d. | gradually replaced cattle ranching over much of the
West. | | |
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41.
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The
U.S. government attempted to assimilate American Indians into the white culture by a. | establishing
American Indian schools and adopting the Dawes General Allotment Act. | b. | allowing some
American Indian groups to return to their lands and nomadic lifestyles. | c. | canceling all
treaties made with Indians. | d. | eliminating the Indian reservations. | | |
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42.
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Homesteaders lived in sod houses, which were a. | well-insulated,
windproof, and fireproof. | b. | dry and clean compared to log cabins. | c. | cool in the
summer but cold and drafty during the winter. | d. | dangerous due to
the frequent wildfires on the plains. | | |
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43.
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In
1889 the government gave non-Indian homesteaders land taken from the Creek and Seminole
in a. | New
Mexico. | c. | Kansas. | b. | Oklahoma. | d. | Colorado. | | | | |
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44.
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The
cattle boom ended because a. | sheep were more successful on the Great
Plains. | b. | there were too many cattle and the open-range declined due to
barbed wire. | c. | many herds became infected with Texas
fever. | d. | American Indians left their reservations and attacked ranchers
and killed the cattle. | | |
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45.
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When
the long cattle drives reached the railheads, a. | cowboys were forbidden from entering the towns by temperance
societies. | b. | many cowboys settled down in the new
communities. | c. | cowboys spent their earnings freely in saloons and gambling
halls. | d. | few cowboys remained long in the
towns. | | |
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46.
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Western mining camps a. | encouraged Asians, African Americans, and other minorities to
settle. | b. | often practiced discrimination. | c. | became more
peaceful through the establishment of vigilante committees. | d. | quickly became
established family communities. | | |
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47.
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New
technology changed mining by a. | reducing the need for large numbers of
laborers. | b. | creating deep-rock mining shafts where working conditions were
dangerous and unpleasant. | c. | making for safer working conditions. | d. | enabling
individual prospectors to compete with large companies. | | |
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48.
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The
United States purchased Alaska from Russia in a. | 1859. | c. | 1898. | b. | 1867. | d. | 1902. | | | | |
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49.
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American Indians who agreed to go to reservations a. | discovered that
the U.S. government did not honor its treaties with them. | b. | welcomed the
opportunity to assimilate into the rest of American society. | c. | were generously
assisted by government subsidies for education, food, and other supplies. | d. | became
successful farmers and ranchers. | | |
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50.
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Mining unions a. | forced the closure of dangerous
mines. | b. | encouraged Chinese miners to join. | c. | failed to
improve mining conditions. | d. | opposed Chinese miners. | | |
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51.
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Many
Plains Indians refused to live on reservations because a. | following the
roaming buffalo herds was a part of their culture that they did not want to give
up. | b. | the U.S.
government refused to meet their demands. | c. | the U.S. government never offered them a
treaty. | d. | their leaders preferred an honorable death to life on a
reservation. | | |
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52.
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One
of the most influential of the frontier artists was a. | Willa
Cather. | c. | Frederic
Remington. | b. | Benjamin Singleton. | d. | Joseph Glidden. | | | | |
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