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Chapter 4 Test

Matching
 
 
Match each statement with the correct item below.
a.
compaction
e.
weathering
b.
cementation
f.
marble
c.
limestone
g.
erosion
d.
coal
h.
slate
 

1. 
a kind of nonfoliated metamorphic rock
 

2. 
a kind of organic sedimentary rock
 

3. 
The process in which pressure from the upper layers of sediment pushes down on the lower layers, causing the sediments to stick together and form solid rock.
 

4. 
a kind of foliated metamorphic rock
 

5. 
a kind of chemical sedimentary rock
 

6. 
The process in which rock is exposed to air, water, or ice and breaks into pieces.
 

7. 
The process in which minerals hold sediment together, like glue, making a detrital sedimentary rock.
 

8. 
the movement of weathered material
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
 

9. 
Slate is a(n) ____________________ rock.
 

 

10. 
Rocks that form from ____________________ magma have mineral compositions between those of granitic and basaltic magma.
 

 

11. 
Lava flowing from volcanoes in Hawaii is ____________________ magma.
 

 

12. 
Granite is a(n) ____________________ rock.
 

 

13. 
Dense, heavy, dark-colored igneous rocks form from ____________________ magma.
 

 

14. 
Rock salt is a(n) ____________________ rock.
 

 

15. 
Obsidian is a(n) ____________________ rock.
 

 

16. 
Sandstone is a(n) ____________________ rock.
 

 

17. 
Silica-rich, thick magma is ____________________ magma.
 

 

18. 
Gneiss is a(n) ____________________ rock.
 

 

19. 
Limestone is a(n) ____________________ rock.
 

 

20. 
Light-colored rocks with lower density form from ____________________ magma.
 

 

21. 
Large-grained, light-colored rocks that form deep inside Earth are composed of ____________________ magma.
 

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

22. 
Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools.
a.
magma
c.
neither a nor b
b.
lava
d.
both a and b
 

23. 
Granitic igneous rocks are all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a.
high in iron content
c.
light-colored
b.
lower in density than basaltic rocks
d.
high in silica content
 

24. 
Lava that cools quickly forms ____ rocks.
a.
extrusive metamorphic
c.
intrusive igneous
b.
extrusive igneous
d.
intrusive metamorphic
 
 
chapter_4_test_files/i0290000.jpg
Figure 4-1
 

25. 
Figure 4-1 shows that sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ____.
a.
weathering and erosion
c.
heat and pressure
b.
cementation
d.
compaction
 

26. 
The ____ in Figure 4-1 shows how one rock changes into another.
a.
rock cycle
c.
formation of crystals
b.
melting process
d.
none of the above
 

27. 
Figure 4-1 shows that the processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a.
compaction
c.
weathering
b.
condensation
d.
erosion
 

28. 
The rock cycle shown in Figure 4-1 indicates that each type of rock can ____.
a.
provide materials to make other rocks
b.
form other rocks
c.
be changed by forces at Earth's surface
d.
all of the above
 

29. 
Magma from deep inside Earth rises toward the surface because ____.
a.
it is denser than surrounding solid rock
b.
it is less dense than surrounding solid rock
c.
it has the same density as surrounding solid rock
d.
none of the above
 

30. 
An igneous rock can form from ____ magma.
a.
basaltic
c.
granitic
b.
andesitic
d.
all of the above
 

31. 
Fine-grained, extrusive rocks include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a.
basalt
c.
granite
b.
scoria
d.
pumice
 

32. 
Quartz is a mineral; granite is ____.
a.
a rock
c.
an ore
b.
a gem
d.
also a mineral
 

33. 
The crystals that form in slowly cooled magma produce ____ mineral grains.
a.
invisible
c.
large
b.
tiny
d.
fine-grained
 

34. 
Changes that take place in rocks never create or destroy ____.
a.
rocks
c.
matter
b.
minerals
d.
crystals
 

35. 
A rock is always ____.
a.
a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass, or other materials
b.
either igneous or sedimentary
c.
formed by heat and pressure
d.
made of molten material
 

36. 
All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form EXCEPT ____.
a.
exposure to air
c.
pressure
b.
the presence of hot, watery fluids
d.
heat
 

37. 
____ would be considered a rock.
a.
Quartz
c.
Granite
b.
Mica
d.
all of the above
 

38. 
The molten material deep inside Earth from which igneous rocks form is called ____.
a.
magma
c.
neither a nor b
b.
lava
d.
both a and b
 

39. 
Metamorphic rocks with a non-foliated texture show metamorphic change that involves ____.
a.
growth in the size of the mineral grains
b.
mineral grain melting
c.
mineral grains flattening under pressure
d.
mineral grains arranging into layers
 

40. 
When magma cools deep inside Earth, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
a.
detrital
c.
fine-grained
b.
intrusive
d.
extrusive
 

41. 
Sedimentary rocks formed from the remains of once-living things are ____.
a.
metamorphic
c.
organic
b.
detrital
d.
none of the above
 

42. 
Igneous rocks that form ____ the surface are intrusive.
a.
above
c.
on
b.
below
d.
all of the above
 

43. 
A detrital rock is named according to ____.
a.
the shape and size of the sediments
c.
its location
b.
the color of the sediments
d.
its age
 

44. 
Sedimentary rocks formed from broken fragments of other rocks are ____.
a.
chemical
c.
organic
b.
detrital
d.
none of the above
 

45. 
Basaltic igneous rocks are ____.
a.
light-colored
c.
rich in iron and magnesium
b.
lower in density than granitic rocks
d.
both a and b
 

46. 
Sedimentary rocks are ____.
a.
formed because of changes in temperature and pressure, or the presence of hot watery fluids
b.
formed from magma
c.
a type of foliated igneous rock
d.
formed when loose materials become pressed or cemented together or when minerals form from solutions
 

47. 
A classification of metamorphic rocks would include whether they are ____.
a.
basaltic or granite
c.
intrusive or extrusive
b.
chemical or organic
d.
foliated or nonfoliated
 

48. 
Detrital rocks are ____.
a.
made from broken fragments of other rocks
b.
formed from magma
c.
deposited from solution
d.
all of the above
 

49. 
Sandstone is a(n) ____ sedimentary rock.
a.
chemical
c.
organic
b.
detrital
d.
none of the above
 

50. 
The pressure and heat that produce magma are caused in part by ____.
a.
gravity
c.
lava
b.
magnetic fields
d.
radioactive elements
 

51. 
Metamorphic rocks can undergo all of the following changes EXCEPT ____.
a.
the flattening of mineral grains
b.
the formation of new, bigger minerals
c.
an exchange of atoms between minerals
d.
melting
 

52. 
When lava cools at Earth's surface, ____ igneous rocks are formed.
a.
extrusive
c.
intrusive
b.
coarse-grained
d.
metamorphic
 

53. 
Sediments in sedimentary rocks are often ____.
a.
formed by magma trapped below Earth's surface
b.
held together with natural cements
c.
formed when lava erupts from a volcano
d.
formed when atoms of melted minerals rearrange themselves
 

54. 
Foliated rocks are distinguished by ____.
a.
large mineral grains
c.
lack of layers
b.
air holes
d.
layers
 

55. 
Sedimentary rocks form because of all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a.
water evaporating, leaving crystals behind
b.
sediments becoming pressed or cemented together
c.
crystals solidifying from magma
d.
sediments forming from solution
 

56. 
Metamorphic rocks that show layers of dark minerals alternating with layers of light minerals are classified as ____.
a.
extrusive
c.
intrusive
b.
nonfoliated
d.
foliated
 



 
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