Matching
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Match each planet with the correct description below. a. | Mars | f. | Mercury | b. | Jupiter | g. | Venus | c. | Saturn | h. | Uranus | d. | Pluto | i. | Neptune | e. | Earth | | | | |
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1.
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iron
oxide and polar ice caps
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2.
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greenhouse effect causes extremely high surface temperatures
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3.
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liquid water oceans
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4.
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largest planet
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5.
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craters, cliffs, and a weak magnetic field
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6.
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smallest planet
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7.
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dark-colored storms and eight moons
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8.
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axis
of rotation tilted on its side
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Match
each item with the correct statement below. a. | carbonaceous film | g. | index fossils | b. | cast | h. | mold | c. | principle of superposition | i. | uniformitarianism | d. | radiometric
dating | j. | radioactive
decay | e. | beta decay | k. | relative dating | f. | half-life | l. | unconformities | | | | |
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9.
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a process
that uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to find their ages
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10.
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states that
Earth processes today are similar to those that took place in the past
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11.
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the time it
takes for half of the atoms in an isotope to decay
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12.
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the process
of calculating the absolute age of a rock by measuring the amounts of parent and daughter materials
in a rock and by knowing the half-life of the parent
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13.
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the process
in which one of an isotope's neutrons breaks down into a proton and an electron and the electron
leaves the atom as a beta particle [beta decay]
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14.
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hollow place
in rock made when an organism died and was buried and holes in the rock let air or water reach it and
dissolve the organism
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15.
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made when
sediments fill in a cavity made when an object decayed and the sediments harden into
rock
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16.
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gaps in rock
layers that develop when agents of erosion remove existing rock layers
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17.
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states that
for undisturbed rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become younger and younger
toward the top
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18.
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fossils of
species that lived on Earth for short periods of time and were abundant and were widespread
geographically
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19.
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fossil
formed when an outline of the original organism is formed from left-over carbon
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20.
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the order of
events and the relative age of rocks is determined by examining the position of rocks in a
sequence
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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21.
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In a
____, each day's deposit is covered with dirt, which prevents the wind from blowing the garbage away
and also reduces the odor from decaying waste. a. | landfill | c. | garbage dump | b. | sanitary
landfill | d. | hazardous waste
disposal site | | | | |
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22.
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Electricity produced by waterpower is ____. a. | solar | c. | geothermal | b. | biomass | d. | hydroelectric | | | | |
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Figure 20-1
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23.
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According to Figure 20-1, there were ____ people in 1960. a. | 5.3
billion | c. | 600
million | b. | 1.0 billion | d. | 3.0 billion | | | | |
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24.
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As
Figure 20-1 shows, the global population in 2000 was approximately ____. a. | 1
billion | c. | 60
billion | b. | 3 billion | d. | 6.05 billion | | | | |
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25.
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According to Figure 20-1, ____ additional people were added to Earth's population
between 1700 and 1810. a. | 4 million | c. | 500 billion | b. | 400
million | d. | 40
million | | | | |
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26.
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As
Figure 20-1 shows, it took ____ years for Earth's population to grow from 1 billion to 3
billion.
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27.
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If
the ozone layer disappeared, life on Earth would be exposed to ____ concentrations of ultraviolet
radiation. a. | lower | c. | no change
in | b. | higher | d. | none of the
above | | | | |
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28.
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When
severe weather conditions already exist, a(n) ____ is issued. a. | station
model | c. | advisory | b. | watch | d. | warning | | | | |
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29.
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A
____ studies and forecasts the weather using data gathered from many sources. a. | station
model | c. | meteorologist | b. | geologist | d. | biologist | | | | |
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30.
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Dark-colored, relatively flat regions of the Moon's surface that were formed when
interior lava filled large basins are called ____. a. | craters | c. | maria | b. | sedimentary rocks | d. | volcanoes | | | | |
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31.
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Cold
air has more molecules occupying a cubic centimeter of space than warm air; therefore, it has ____
pressure. a. | higher | c. | lower | b. | half the | d. | the same | | | | |
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32.
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____
are substances that contaminate the environment. a. | Fossil fuels | c. | Stream discharges | b. | Enzymes | d. | Pollutants | | | | |
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33.
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Sea
and land breezes are caused because ____. a. | air moves more easily over water than over
land | b. | air moves more
easily over land than over water | c. | the land heats and cools more slowly than the
water | d. | the land heats and cools more quickly than the
water | | |
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34.
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The
____ contains the highest concentration of ozone. a. | troposphere | c. | stratosphere | b. | exosphere | d. | mesosphere | | | | |
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35.
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When
cool, dense air from over the water flows inland, it's called a ____. a. | sea
breeze | c. | land
breeze | b. | polar easterly | d. | jet stream | | | | |
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36.
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Compact, black, brittle coal is called ____. a. | peat | c. | bituminous
coal | b. | lignite | d. | anthracite
coal | | | | |
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37.
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A
comet develops a coma because of ____. a. | heat from the Sun | c. | Earth's atmosphere | b. | gravity | d. | the Oort
Cloud | | | | |
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38.
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Composting means piling up grass and leaves so they can be ____. a. | allowed to
gradually decompose | c. | used for cattle
feed | b. | collected with
garbage | d. | collected
separately from garbage | | | | |
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39.
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A
____ occurs when the Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and throws a shadow on
Earth. a. | lunar
eclipse | c. | solar
eclipse | b. | waxing gibbous | d. | waning gibbous | | | | |
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40.
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____
is an outer planet with an unusual orbit. a. | Pluto | c. | Saturn | b. | Jupiter | d. | Mercury | | | | |
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41.
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A
violent, whirling wind that moves in a narrow path over land is a ____. a. | thunderstorm | c. | hurricane | b. | front | d. | tornado | | | | |
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42.
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About
30 to 50 percent of all species are found ____. a. | in the ocean | c. | on farms | b. | on the
prairie | d. | in rain
forests | | | | |
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43.
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Unwanted elements are removed from metals by a process called ____. a. | mining | c. | recycling | b. | fission | d. | smelting | | | | |
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44.
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When
water droplets in a cloud combine, become too heavy, and fall to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or
hail, we are experiencing ____. a. | transpiration | c. | precipitation | b. | condensation | d. | evaporation | | | | |
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45.
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____
is the largest planet in the solar system, is the fifth planet from the Sun, and has colorful clouds.
One of its 17 moons is the most volcanically active object in the solar system. The planet has a
liquid ocean and atmosphere comprised mostly of hydrogen and helium. It may have a rocky core,
although its extreme pressure and temperature would make the core different from any rock on
Earth. a. | Neptune | c. | Saturn | b. | Jupiter | d. | Uranus | | | | |
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46.
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Mercury is the ____ planet from the Sun. a. | first | c. | second | b. | fourth | d. | third | | | | |
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47.
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The
Sun was formed when energy caused by ____ in the center of the cloud of gas and dust radiated into
space. a. | nuclear
fusion | c. | gravity | b. | evaporation | d. | none of the above | | | | |
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48.
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____
is a layer of organic sediment. a. | Lignite | c. | Peat | b. | Anthracite coal | d. | Bituminous coal | | | | |
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49.
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Steady winds between the equator and 30° latitude north or south are known as the
____. a. | doldrums | c. | polar
easterlies | b. | trade winds | d. | jet stream | | | | |
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50.
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Pluto
is considered the ____ planet. a. | second | c. | first | b. | tenth | d. | ninth | | | | |
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51.
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Rock layers
are correlated if they both contain the same ____. a. | fossils | c. | type of
rock | b. | elements | d. | shapes | | | | |
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52.
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Neptune was the last planet to be visited by the ____ space probe. a. | Voyager
I | c. | Galileo | b. | Titan | d. | Voyager II | | | | |
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53.
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Some
scientists hypothesize that Earth's ozone layer is being damaged by ____. a. | chlorofluorocarbons | c. | global warming | b. | plant life on
Earth | d. | ultraviolet
radiation | | | | |
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54.
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____
was the first planet studied by the Voyager space probes. a. | Saturn | c. | Jupiter | b. | Neptune | d. | Uranus | | | | |
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55.
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Small
pieces of rock that enter Earth's atmosphere at speeds of 15 to 70 km/s and burn up are called
____. a. | asteroids | c. | stars | b. | meteors | d. | meteorites | | | | |
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56.
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Determining
the order of events and the relative age of rocks by examining the position of rocks in a sequence is
called ____. a. | radiometric
dating | c. | relative
dating | b. | absolute dating | d. | radiocarbon dating | | | | |
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57.
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One
of ____ moons is larger than the planets Pluto and Mercury. a. | Uranus's | c. | Saturn's | b. | Neptune's | d. | Pluto's | | | | |
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58.
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In
general, atmospheric pressure is greatest near Earth's surface and ____ as you move upward away from
sea level. a. | decreases | c. | stays the
same | b. | increases | d. | doubles | | | | |
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59.
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____
forms when raindrops pass through a layer of freezing air near Earth's surface, forming ice
pellets.
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60.
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The
transfer of energy that occurs when molecules bump into one another is called ____. a. | convection | c. | conduction | b. | radiation | d. | condensation | | | | |
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61.
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A
comet develops a tail because of ____. a. | Earth's atmosphere | c. | Jupiter's gravitational pull | b. | the solar
wind | d. | the Oort
Cloud | | | | |
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62.
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Summer occurs on the hemisphere of Earth that is ____. a. | turned toward
the Sun | c. | tilted away from
the Sun | b. | turned away from the Sun | d. | tilted toward the Sun | | | | |
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63.
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Recycling materials helps save ____. a. | energy | c. | both a and
b | b. | landfill
space | d. | neither a nor
b | | | | |
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64.
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The
most powerful severe storm is the ____. a. | tornado | c. | front | b. | hurricane | d. | thunderstorm | | | | |
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65.
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There
is little wind in the doldrums because the air ____. a. | expands,
creating a zone of low pressure | b. | moves westward | c. | is moving
down | d. | is
motionless | | |
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66.
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Vaporized gases and released dust form a bright cloud called a(n) ____ around the
solid part of a comet. a. | core | c. | nucleus | b. | heart | d. | coma | | | | |
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67.
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Clouds form as warm air rises, expands, cools, and becomes saturated, and then
____ condense(s) into tiny drops, which collect. a. | smoke | c. | water vapor | b. | snowflakes | d. | smog | | | | |
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68.
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Masses of puffy, white clouds, often with flat bases, that form when air currents rise
are called ____ clouds. a. | cumulus | c. | nimbus | b. | stratus | d. | cirrus | | | | |
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69.
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____
humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor that air is holding compared to the amount needed
for saturation at a specific temperature. a. | Total | c. | Relative | b. | Partial | d. | none of the
above | | | | |
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70.
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If the same
types of fossils are found in two separate rock layers, it's likely that the two rock layers
____. a. | formed at different
times | c. | formed under different
conditions | b. | are part of one continuous deposit | d. | none of the above | | | | |
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71.
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Electrically charged particles are found primarily in the ____. a. | exosphere | c. | ionosphere | b. | troposphere | d. | stratosphere | | | | |
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72.
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If a layer
of sandstone lies on top of a layer of limestone in which a 300-million-year-old fossil is found, and
there are no unconformities, the layer of sandstone must be ____. a. | about 300 million years
old | c. | older than 300 million
years | b. | older than 600 million years | d. | younger than 300 million years | | | | |
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73.
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Reflection and absorption by the atmosphere prevent some ____ from reaching Earth's
surface. a. | nitrogen | c. | oxygen | b. | ozone | d. | radiation | | | | |
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74.
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The
Sun's rays strike Earth at their northernmost and southernmost positions during
____. a. | solar
eclipses | c. | winter and
summer solstices | b. | lunar eclipses | d. | spring and fall equinoxes | | | | |
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75.
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Water
is found as a solid, liquid, and gas on ____. a. | Venus | c. | Mars | b. | Earth | d. | Mercury | | | | |
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76.
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Recycling laws save ____. a. | energy | c. | landfill space | b. | natural
resources | d. | all of the
above | | | | |
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77.
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____
are pieces of rock that strike the surface of a moon or planet. a. | Meteoroids | c. | Meteor
showers | b. | Meteorites | d. | Comets | | | | |
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78.
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Methane absorbs the red and yellow light on ____, while the clouds of these planets
reflect the green and blue light. a. | Saturn and Jupiter | c. | Uranus and Neptune | b. | Neptune and
Venus | d. | Venus and
Earth | | | | |
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79.
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High,
thin, white, feathery clouds containing ice crystals are usually associated with fair weather, but
they can also indicate approaching storms. These clouds are called ____ clouds. a. | cumulus | c. | cirrus | b. | stratus | d. | nimbus | | | | |
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80.
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____
is the transfer of heat by the flow of a heated material. a. | Conduction | c. | Convection | b. | Radiation | d. | Condensation | | | | |
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81.
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Eroded topsoil may take ____ years to replace in some places.
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82.
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The
____ is the layer of the atmosphere nearest to Earth's surface. a. | stratosphere | c. | exosphere | b. | troposphere | d. | ionosphere | | | | |
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83.
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Most
hurricanes ____. a. | travel east to
west | c. | travel west to
east | b. | gain energy when
they strike land | d. | are
high-pressure systems | | | | |
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84.
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Gaps in rock
layers are called ____. a. | unconformities | c. | half-lives | b. | index fossils | d. | none of the above | | | | |
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85.
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Chlorofluorocarbons may be harming the ozone layer by ____. a. | destroying
oxygen molecules | c. | blocking
ultraviolet radiation | b. | adding more ozone molecules | d. | destroying ozone molecules | | | | |
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86.
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____
make(s) up about 40 percent of the mass of trash. a. | Aluminum cans | c. | Compost | b. | Paper | d. | Food | | | | |
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87.
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The
orbits of ____ lie closer to the Sun than does Earth's orbit. a. | Mercury and
Mars | c. | Mars and
Venus | b. | Mercury and Venus | d. | Jupiter and Mercury | | | | |
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88.
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When
air contains as much moisture as possible at a specific temperature, it is ____. a. | at its dew
point | c. | both a and
b | b. | saturated | d. | none of the
above | | | | |
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89.
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____
farming, which involves not plowing the soil from harvest until planting, helps reduce
erosion. a. | Organic | c. | Contour | b. | No-till | d. | Sanitary | | | | |
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90.
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The
splitting of nuclei of atoms is called ____. a. | fission | c. | both A and B | b. | fusion | d. | neither A nor
B | | | | |
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91.
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The
first and only American space mission to Mercury was ____. a. | Mariner
10 | c. | Voyager
II | b. | Apollo II | d. | Voyager I | | | | |
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92.
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Materials of low mass are combined to form a substance of higher mass during
____. a. | fission | c. | both A and
B | b. | fusion | d. | neither A nor
B | | | | |
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93.
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Pluto's orbit sometimes causes this planet to be the ninth, and not the eighth, planet
from the Sun. a. | Neptune | c. | Saturn | b. | Jupiter | d. | Uranus | | | | |
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94.
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Tornadoes can form when wind at different ____ blows in different directions and at
different speeds. a. | heights | c. | pressures | b. | temperatures | d. | none of the above | | | | |
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95.
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Energy from the Sun is ____ energy. a. | biomass | c. | solar | b. | geothermal | d. | nuclear | | | | |
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96.
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A
growing population puts demands on the land for ____. a. | food | c. | landfills for
trash | b. | living space | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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97.
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The
Viking landers sent back pictures of the reddish-colored, barren, rocky, windswept surface of
____. a. | Mars | c. | Uranus | b. | Mercury | d. | Jupiter | | | | |
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98.
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A
____ farm can be used to generate electricity. a. | wind | c. | hydroelectric | b. | geothermal | d. | solar | | | | |
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99.
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A
person in an industrialized nation can help protect the environment by ____. a. | cutting down
trees | c. | using more
energy | b. | using less energy | d. | creating trash for landfills | | | | |
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100.
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A
soft brown coal with less moisture is called ____. a. | anthracite
coal | c. | bituminous
coal | b. | peat | d. | lignite | | | | |
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101.
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An
increase in human ____ has led to the population explosion. a. | fatality | c. | disease | b. | reproduction | d. | none of the above | | | | |
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102.
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Pluto
differs from the other outer planets in that ____. a. | it is not
surrounded by a dense atmosphere | b. | it is the only outer planet with a solid, rocky
surface | c. | its moon, Charon, has a diameter equal to half of
Pluto's | d. | all of the above | | |
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103.
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The
most abundant fossil fuel is ____. a. | natural gas | c. | coal | b. | oil | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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104.
|
____ dating
uses the properties of atoms in rocks and other objects to find their ages. a. | Approximate | c. | Absolute | b. | Relative | d. | Comparative | | | | |
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105.
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Scientists hypothesize that the Sun formed ____. a. | less than a
million years ago | c. | less than a
billion years ago | b. | from a cloud of gas and dust | d. | from a chunk of Jupiter | | | | |
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106.
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The
greenhouse effect on Earth keeps it warm enough for liquid water to exist. However, on Venus, the
greenhouse effect warms the planet to ____. a. | 90°C | c. | 900°C | b. | 47°C | d. | 475°C | | | | |
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107.
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____
for a planet to form in the asteroid belt. a. | Some of the asteroids were too large | b. | It was too
cold | c. | The asteroids
moved too slowly | d. | Jupiter's gravity may have been too
great | | |
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108.
|
Fossil fuels include ____. a. | natural gas | c. | coal | b. | oil | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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109.
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A(n)
____ connects points of equal temperature. a. | isobar | c. | station model | b. | isotherm | d. | none of the
above | | | | |
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110.
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If the same
sequence of rock layers is observed over a large area, ____. a. | conditions of formation
were probably very different | b. | a large deposit of rock formed over a large
area | c. | they are probably not
related | d. | it is just a coincidence | | |
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111.
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All of the
following conditions help preserve organisms as fossils EXCEPT ____. a. | hard
parts | c. | activities of
microorganisms | b. | protection from scavengers | d. | quick burial by sediments | | | | |
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112.
|
Venus
and Earth both experience a ____ because of heat trapped by their atmospheres. a. | cloud
cover | c. | cooling
effect | b. | slow rotation | d. | greenhouse effect | | | | |
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113.
|
During phytoremediation, roots of certain plants can absorb ____ from contaminated
soil. a. | compost | c. | enzymes | b. | metals | d. | chemicals | | | | |
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114.
|
The
boundary between cold and warm air masses is called a ____. a. | storm | c. | front | b. | climate | d. | flood | | | | |
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115.
|
The
flow of air caused by ____ and the Coriolis effect creates distinct wind patterns on Earth's
surface. a. | magnetic
fields | c. | differences in
heating | b. | the ozone layer | d. | the jet streams | | | | |
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116.
|
People once believed that all planets and stars orbited around ____. a. | Mars | c. | Earth | b. | Mercury | d. | Venus | | | | |
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117.
|
Energy from hot magma is called ____. a. | geothermal | c. | magnetic | b. | nuclear | d. | hydroelectric | | | | |
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118.
|
Fog
is a ____ cloud that forms near the ground. a. | cirrus | c. | stratus | b. | cumulus | d. | cirrocumulus | | | | |
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119.
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Low,
layered gray clouds that produce light precipitation are ____ clouds. a. | cumulus | c. | cirrus | b. | stratus | d. | nimbus | | | | |
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120.
|
Pluto's moon, ____, has a diameter equal to half of Pluto's. a. | Charon | c. | Ganymede | b. | Io | d. | Titan | | | | |
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121.
|
Scientists know the least about the planet ____. a. | Saturn | c. | Neptune | b. | Pluto | d. | Uranus | | | | |
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122.
|
One
cause of the population explosion is ____. a. | better nutrition | c. | air pollution | b. | poor
nutrition | d. | cutting
trees | | | | |
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123.
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Solar
energy trapped by gases in Venus's atmosphere causes ____. a. | a cooling
effect | c. | clouds to
form | b. | its slow
rotation | d. | the greenhouse
effect | | | | |
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124.
|
A
land use that does NOT cause environmental problems is ____. a. | grazing
livestock | c. | using
herbicides | b. | setting aside natural preserves | d. | cutting trees | | | | |
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125.
|
____
forms when the air temperature is below freezing and water vapor changes directly to
solid. a. | Hail | c. | Sleet | b. | Snow | d. | Rain | | | | |
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126.
|
Galileo used his telescope to discover evidence for the Sun-centered model of the
solar system. This evidence included all of the following EXCEPT ____. a. | Venus going
through phases | b. | Venus revolving around the Sun, not
Earth | c. | the discovery of Neptune and Pluto | d. | both a and
b | | |
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127.
|
By
the time you are 75 years old, you will have produced enough garbage to equal the mass of ____
African elephants.
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128.
|
With ____
dating, a rock's exact age can be determined, whereas with ____ dating, a rock's age is compared to
the ages of other rocks. a. | relative, absolute | c. | true, absolute | b. | relative,
approximate | d. | absolute,
relative | | | | |
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129.
|
____
has colorful clouds in bands of white, red, tan, and brown. a. | Jupiter | c. | Neptune | b. | Uranus | d. | Saturn | | | | |
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130.
|
The
____ blends into outer space. a. | stratosphere | c. | mesosphere | b. | troposphere | d. | exosphere | | | | |
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131.
|
The
air above the ____ rises because it has low density and low pressure. a. | equator | c. | arctic
circle | b. | north pole | d. | south pole | | | | |
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132.
|
The
temperature at which air is saturated and condensation forms is the ____. a. | dew
point | c. | rain
point | b. | wind point | d. | relative humidity | | | | |
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133.
|
Smaller pieces of rock from old, broken-up comets become ____. a. | comets | c. | meteoroids | b. | planetoids | d. | meteorites | | | | |
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134.
|
Population explosion refers to the ____. a. | number of people
who live in poverty | b. | increased rate at which the population is
growing | c. | world population in 1810 | d. | estimated world
population in 2025 | | |
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135.
|
This
planet has no true atmosphere. a. | Saturn | c. | Jupiter | b. | Mercury | d. | Mars | | | | |
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136.
|
During your lifetime, if you don't recycle, you will generate trash equal to at least
____ times your mass.
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137.
|
The
order of the inner planets outward from the Sun is ____. a. | Earth, Venus,
Mars, and Mercury | c. | Mercury, Earth,
Venus, and Mars | b. | Mars, Venus, Earth, and Mercury | d. | Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars | | | | |
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138.
|
A(n)
____ shows weather conditions at one specific location. a. | station
model | c. | isobar | b. | cloud map | d. | isotherm | | | | |
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139.
|
Air
above the equator is heated more than at any other place on Earth because solar rays strike the
equator ____. a. | at a 180°
angle | c. | more
directly | b. | at a 45° angle | d. | none of the above | | | | |
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140.
|
The
____ are a windless zone at the equator. a. | polar easterlies | c. | doldrums | b. | jet
streams | d. | prevailing
westerlies | | | | |
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141.
|
____
can be produced by thunderstorms. a. | Tornadoes | c. | Stationary fronts | b. | Tsunamis | d. | Volcanoes | | | | |
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142.
|
High
pressure means good weather because ____. a. | the air masses rise | b. | the air masses
sink, making it difficult for clouds to form | c. | clouds are blown
away by wind | d. | none of the above | | |
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143.
|
The
ways each person in an industrialized nation affects the environment include ____. a. | generating
waste | c. | treating water
to clean it | b. | using fossil fuels for energy | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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144.
|
People can help protect the environment by ____. a. | reusing | c. | composting | b. | recycling | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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145.
|
Reduced vegetation on Earth results in ____. a. | increased
habitats | c. | less room for
humans | b. | more oxygen in the atmosphere | d. | more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere | | | | |
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146.
|
To
keep track of high-and low-pressure areas, weather maps are drawn with lines connecting points of
equal atmospheric pressure. These lines are called ____. a. | isotherms | c. | fronts | b. | isobars | d. | equibars | | | | |
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147.
|
Water
can form on grass in the early morning when the air is clear because ____. a. | the air near the
ground is warmer than the ground | b. | the air near the ground cools to its dew
point | c. | the relative humidity decreases | d. | the air is NOT
saturated | | |
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148.
|
Paving land ____ stream discharge. a. | increases | c. | does not affect | b. | decreases | d. | prevents | | | | |
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149.
|
When
humans recycle, they reduce the damage caused by ____. a. | mining | c. | manufacturing | b. | cutting trees | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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150.
|
Sixteen million km2 of Earth's land is used ____. a. | for
industry | c. | as
landfills | b. | in construction | d. | as farmland | | | | |
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151.
|
____
is the third planet from the Sun. a. | Earth | c. | Mercury | b. | Venus | d. | Mars | | | | |
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152.
|
The
amount of a fossil fuel that can be extracted at a profit using current technology is called a(n)
____. a. | renewable
resource | c. | reserve | b. | inexhaustible resource | d. | ore | | | | |
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153.
|
A limestone
bed containing fossils that are 550 million years old is ____ a bed of sandstone containing fossils
that are 400 million years old. a. | younger than | c. | not related to | b. | the same age
as | d. | older
than | | | | |
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154.
|
The
structure of a comet is considered to be like a large, ____, or a mass of frozen ice and
rock. a. | solid
planet | c. | cratered
moon | b. | dirty
snowball | d. | none of the
above | | | | |
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155.
|
Evidence suggests that ____ originate in the Oort Cloud located beyond the orbit of
Pluto. a. | comets | c. | meteoroids | b. | meteorites | d. | asteroids | | | | |
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156.
|
The
approximate number of people added each day to the world population is ____. a. | 26,000 | c. | 120,000 | b. | 260,000 | d. | 600 | | | | |
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157.
|
The
____ are responsible for the movement of much of the weather across the United States and
Canada. a. | polar
easterlies | c. | prevailing
westerlies | b. | doldrums | d. | trade winds | | | | |
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158.
|
There
are ____ molecules of air at high elevations, so air pressure is less. a. | the same number
of | c. | more | b. | no | d. | fewer | | | | |
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159.
|
The
interaction of air, water, and ____ causes weather. a. | wind | c. | the
Sun | b. | humidity | d. | land | | | | |
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160.
|
Air
pressure is greatest ____ because there are more molecules of air pushing down from
above. a. | at sea
level | c. | at the top of
the mountain | b. | in the exosphere | d. | in the troposphere | | | | |
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161.
|
When
an object is recyclable, it ____. a. | is unusable | b. | is suitable to
be processed and used again | c. | does not help the environment | d. | none of the
above | | |
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162.
|
____
is the transfer of energy in the form of rays or waves. a. | Conduction | c. | Radiation | b. | Condensation | d. | Convection | | | | |
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163.
|
In a series
of undisturbed rock layers where shale lies between sandstone below and limestone above, the
____. a. | sandstone is
youngest | c. | shale is
youngest | b. | beds are all the same age | d. | limestone is youngest | | | | |
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164.
|
In
1543, ____ published his views of Earth and other planets revolving around the Sun. a. | Magellan | c. | Galileo | b. | Copernicus | d. | Kepler | | | | |
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165.
|
Planets formed from ____ left over from the formation of the Sun at the center of the
cloud. a. | gas, ice, and
dust | c. | gravel | b. | asteroids | d. | solar wind | | | | |
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166.
|
Areas
of low-pressure usually have ____. a. | cloudy weather | c. | descending air | b. | good
weather | d. | none of the
above | | | | |
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167.
|
____
is the careful use of resources to reduce damage to the environment. a. | Deforestation | c. | Recycling | b. | Overgrazing | d. | Conservation | | | | |
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168.
|
The
yearly orbit of Earth around the Sun is called its ____. a. | revolution | c. | rotation | b. | ellipse | d. | tilt | | | | |
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169.
|
Violent storms generally form along ____. a. | stationary
fronts | c. | cold
fronts | b. | occluded fronts | d. | warm fronts | | | | |
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170.
|
Precipitation and storms occur ____. a. | in polar
zones | c. | in high-pressure
systems | b. | in low-pressure systems | d. | at fronts | | | | |
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171.
|
Two
of the inner planets are ____. a. | Earth and Pluto | c. | Venus and Saturn | b. | Mercury and
Jupiter | d. | Mars and
Venus | | | | |
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172.
|
Temperatures in the thermosphere and exosphere are ____. a. | hot and
cold | c. | very
cold | b. | constantly
changing | d. | very
warm | | | | |
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173.
|
Most
of the frozen ice in a comet's ____ vaporizes after the comet's many trips around the
Sun. a. | coma | c. | heart | b. | tail | d. | nucleus | | | | |
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174.
|
Pluto
is different from the other outer planets because ____. a. | it may have been
a moon of an inner planet that escaped | b. | it formed near Earth and moved
outward | c. | it is close to the inner planets | d. | none of the
above | | |
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175.
|
A
thick, black liquid formed from the buried remains of microscopic marine organisms is
____. a. | gangue | c. | alcohol | b. | oil | d. | none of the above | | | | |
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176.
|
The
presence of maria on the Moon indicates that ____. a. | few meteorites
have hit the Moon | b. | the Moon has a dense atmosphere | c. | many meteorites
have hit the Moon recently | d. | the Moon contains lava beneath its
surface | | |
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177.
|
The
____ is caused by the Earth's rotation. a. | jet stream | c. | Coriolis effect | b. | land
breeze | d. | sea
breeze | | | | |
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178.
|
The
____ is the source of all energy in our atmosphere. a. | water
cycle | c. | Sun | b. | Coriolis effect | d. | Moon | | | | |
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179.
|
This
type of fossil fuel can be pumped from underground deposits. a. | ethanol | c. | natural
gas | b. | oil | d. | B and C
only | | | | |
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|
180.
|
Not
all areas on Earth's surface receive the same amount of radiation because Earth's surface
____. a. | is mostly
water | c. | is
flat | b. | is
curved | d. | has continents
on it | | | | |
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181.
|
Earth's population has rapidly increased because of all of the following EXCEPT
____. a. | better
sanitation | c. | modern
medicine | b. | rate of reproduction has
decreased | d. | better
nutrition | | | | |
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182.
|
The
phase of the Moon that immediately precedes the new Moon is the ____. a. | waning
crescent | c. | waxing
crescent | b. | third quarter | d. | first quarter | | | | |
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183.
|
When
Earth receives energy from the Sun, ____. a. | some energy is reflected back into
space | b. | some is absorbed by the atmosphere | c. | some is absorbed
by land and water on Earth's surface | d. | all of the above | | |
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184.
|
A(n)
____ is a large body of air that has the same properties as the Earth's surface over which it
develops. a. | front | c. | tornado | b. | cloud | d. | air mass | | | | |
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185.
|
The
process of water vapor changing to a liquid is called ____. a. | precipitation | c. | convection | b. | evaporation | d. | condensation | | | | |
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