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8th Grade Final Exam

Matching
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement.
a.
Denmark Vesey
g.
Francis Cabot Lowell
b.
overseers
h.
antebellum
c.
Cyrus McCormick
i.
yeoman farmers
d.
Know-Nothings
j.
Sarah G. Bagley
e.
Nat Turner
k.
Harriet Tubman
f.
William Ellison
l.
John Deere
 

1. 

was a conductor on the Underground Railroad
 

2. 

means “before the Civil War”
 

3. 

another name for the American Party
 

4. 

led a violent Southampton County, Virginia, slave uprising
 

5. 

designed a power loom to produce cotton textiles
 

6. 

blacksmith who designed a light but strong steel plow
 

7. 

group that made up the majority of southern white society
 

8. 

inventor of the mechanical reaper
 

9. 

carpenter who planned a huge slave uprising in and near Charleston
 

10. 

urged textile mill co-workers to form a union
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement.
a.
Clara Barton
g.
George Meade
b.
Joseph E. Johnston
h.
Mary Boykin Chesnut
c.
Mathew Brady
i.
Winfield Scott
d.
Elizabeth Blackwell
j.
Ambrose E. Burnside
e.
Martin Delany
k.
James E. B. “Jeb” Stuart
f.
Sally Louisa Tompkins
l.
David Farragut
 

11. 

the Union general who commanded the Battle of Gettysburg
 

12. 

a well-known photographer of the Civil War
 

13. 

he commanded the Union ships that captured New Orleans
 

14. 

a Confederate woman who was commissioned as a captain in the Confederate army so that the hospital she founded could qualify as a military hospital
 

15. 

the first African American to attain the rank of major
 

16. 

a nurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross after the war
 

17. 

he commanded a Confederate cavalry unit that gathered information on the Union troops used by Robert E. Lee during the Seven Days’ Battles
 

18. 

the Confederate general who led southern troops in the first battle of the Civil War
 

19. 

a southern woman who kept a journal during the Civil War and later rewrote it for publication
 

20. 

Union commander who ordered troops to cross an open plain during the battle at Fredricksburg
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement.
a.
Adams-Onís Treaty
g.
Andrew Jackson
b.
Samuel Slater
h.
Robert Fulton
c.
Eli Whitney
i.
John C. Calhoun
d.
Simon Bolívar
j.
Missouri Compromise
e.
Henry Clay
k.
Rush-Bagot Agreement
f.
Louis de Onís
l.
James Monroe
 

21. 

first to use interchangeable parts in the manufacture of firearms
 

22. 

associated with the doctrine of nullification
 

23. 

resulted in one free state and one slave state
 

24. 

architect of the Missouri Compromise
 

25. 

nicknamed “the Liberator”
 

26. 

despite winning most of the popular vote in 1824 failed to become president
 

27. 

developed a British-style spinning mill
 

28. 

limited the number of armed ships in the Great Lakes
 

29. 

designed a steamboat capable of carrying heavy loads upstream
 

30. 

“a man whose soul might be turned wrong side outward, without discovering a blemish to the world”
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement.
a.
Bear Flag Revolt
g.
mountain men
b.
California Trail
h.
John Augustus Sutter
c.
manifest destiny
i.
Santa Fe Trail
d.
Juan Cortina
j.
Tejanos
e.
Oregon Trail
k.
Stephen Kearny
f.
empresarios
l.
Antonio López de Santa Anna
 

31. 

president of Mexico who held a dictatorial control over the Mexican government
 

32. 

U.S. brigadier general who, in 1846, led an army that occupied Santa Fe and seized control of New Mexico
 

33. 

an overland route to the West across the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains originally used by fur trappers but later mostly traveled by others such as farmers and missionaries
 

34. 

trail that forked off of the Oregon Trail near the southernmost point at the Snake River
 

35. 

people given large land grants by the government of Mexico in exchange for agreeing to recruit and take responsibility for new settlers
 

36. 

780-mile-long overland route west that was used primarily by merchants
 

37. 

Swiss adventurer who ran a fort and trading post on the California Trail where gold was first found in 1848
 

38. 

an uprising by American settlers in California in which the settlers declared California to be an independent republic
 

39. 

a member of a prominent Tejano family in South Texas who headed a rebellion against white discrimination
 

40. 

natives of Mexico who lived in Texas
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement.
a.
John Jay
g.
William Clark
b.
Anthony Wayne
h.
Treaty of Ghent
c.
Francis Scott Key
i.
Embargo Act
d.
Treaty of Greenville
j.
Edmond Genet
e.
Aaron Burr
k.
Thomas Pinckney
f.
Zebulon Pike
l.
Non-Intercourse Act
 

41. 

his discoveries led to expansion into Texas and the Southwest
 

42. 

daring Revolutionary War hero
 

43. 

young French diplomat who wanted the United States to honor a military alliance with France
 

44. 

stopped shipments of American food and other products to all foreign ports
 

45. 

almost became president in the 1800 election
 

46. 

gave Ohio and part of Indiana to the United States
 

47. 

known for explorations of the Snake and Columbia Rivers
 

48. 

ended the War of 1812
 

49. 

wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner”
 

50. 

chief justice who was burned in effigy
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement.
a.
free state
g.
fire-eaters
b.
gag rule
h.
Frederick Douglass
c.
John Breckinridge
i.
annex
d.
slavery
j.
states’ rights
e.
secessionist
k.
abolitionist
f.
John Brown
l.
David Wilmot
 

51. 

to claim or take over land
 

52. 

one who wanted the southern states to leave the Union
 

53. 

a central issue that divided Congress in the mid-1800s
 

54. 

a representative from Pennsylvania who introduced an amendment that would ban slavery in all lands that would be acquired from Mexico
 

55. 

an abolitionist and former slave who urged “forcible resistance” against slavery and wrote an autobiography detailing the harshness of slave life
 

56. 

a resolution that would prevent the discussion of certain issues in Congress
 

57. 

the belief that the federal government should not interfere with a state’s laws
 

58. 

a southern Democrat who ran unsuccessfully for president and who believed that Congress had a duty to protect slavery in the territories
 

59. 

a state where slavery was not allowed
 

60. 

one who wanted slavery to end
 

Essay
 

61. 

Explain the circumstances that led to the Dred Scott decision by the U.S. Supreme Court. How did abolitionists respond to the decision?
 

62. 

Discuss the differences between the military strategies used by the North and the South.
 

63. 

Describe the major principle of popular sovereignty. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act reflect this principle?
 

64. 

How was Midwest farming helped by the Market Revolution?
 

65. 

Explain how the rendezvous system worked. Tell how it affected the success of the fur trade in the Rocky Mountains and the settlement of the Far West.
 

66. 

Tell how the War of 1812 affected the United States.
 

67. 

Describe some of the responsibilities filled by northern women on the home front after many men went to battle.
 

68. 

How did the cotton gin affect the economy of the South?
 

69. 

Was the “Era of Good Feelings” an appropriate name for the period that followed the War of 1812? Why or why not?
 

70. 

Describe how the Transportation Revolution improved the nation.
 

71. 

Describe the importance of the Louisiana Purchase to the United States.
 

72. 

Explain why the forty-niners migrated to California, where they came from, and how they got there.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

73. 

Debate concerning the Kansas-Nebraska Act in Congress became so intense that
a.
the act was repealed.
b.
an antislavery congressmember was beaten with a cane.
c.
the Senate chamber was closed to the public.
d.
the Whig Party resigned in protest.
 

74. 

According to Alexander Hamilton, what was the first thing the nation needed to do in order to strengthen itself financially?
a.
pay off all its debts
c.
print more money
b.
borrow money from other nations
d.
raise taxes
 

75. 

What did the War of 1812 convince many older Republicans to support?
a.
sectionalism
c.
states’ rights
b.
the doctrine of nullification
d.
a stronger federal government
 

76. 

After the Federalist Party collapsed, the nation experienced a period of
a.
political harmony.
c.
neutrality.
b.
economic turmoil.
d.
political corruption.
 

77. 

The Era of Good Feelings
a.
was a period of neutrality.
b.
was a period when foreign countries got along.
c.
was a period of political harmony.
d.
was President Monroe’s program to help Latin American nations.
 

78. 

The event that sparked the use of the term “Bleeding Kansas” was
a.
the 1855 election in Kansas.
b.
the Pottawatomie Massacre.
c.
the formation of the Emigrant Aid Company.
d.
the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
 

79. 

By 1819 most of Spain’s Latin American colonies
a.
had formed alliances with Napoléon Bonaparte.
b.
had launched revolutions.
c.
had formally pledged allegiance to the Spanish monarchy.
d.
had been overtaken by the United States.
 

80. 

Withdrawal from the Union was called
a.
democracy.
c.
popular sovereignty.
b.
secession.
d.
western expansion.
 

81. 

The elder statesman who advocated compromise between northern and southern interests was
a.
Robert Barnwell Rhett.
c.
John C. Calhoun.
b.
Winfield Scott.
d.
Henry Clay.
 

82. 

Most southerners lived on
a.
rice and chicken.
c.
corn and rice.
b.
rice and beef.
d.
corn and pork.
 

83. 

The group of southerners who held extreme pro-slavery views and supported the breakup of the Union and the formation of a southern confederacy were called
a.
the Free-Soil Party.
c.
the Democratic Party.
b.
abolitionists.
d.
fire-eaters.
 

84. 

President Lincoln was disappointed with General McClellan because McClellan
a.
ran an undisciplined army camp.
b.
took too many risks.
c.
was impulsive.
d.
was often reluctant to attack the Confederate armies.
 

85. 

General Stonewall Jackson was injured and later died from injuries received at the Battle of Chancellorsville when he
a.
dressed up as a Union soldier and was shot by his own men.
b.
was assassinated by his own rebellious troops.
c.
was mistaken for a Union soldier and shot by his own men.
d.
attempted to outflank the Union army.
 

86. 

Who did most people blame for the American Indian uprisings of the early 1800s?
a.
General William Henry Harrison
c.
the French
b.
President Madison
d.
the British
 

87. 

The United States was ill-prepared for war in 1812 because of
a.
a poorly equipped army.
c.
low morale.
b.
poorly trained sailors and officers.
d.
an indecisive Congress.
 

88. 

The former governor of Tennessee who served as president of the United States from 1845 to 1849 was
a.
Henry Clay.
c.
John C. Frémont.
b.
Zachary Taylor.
d.
James K. Polk.
 

89. 

Which statement best describes George Washington’s attitude about being president?
a.
He doubted his abilities.
b.
He wanted to be treated like a monarch.
c.
He enjoyed exercising all of his powers.
d.
He felt he was out of touch with the common people.
 

90. 

What percentage of southern whites owned slaves before the Civil War?
a.
90
c.
50
b.
25
d.
10
 

91. 

The policy of popular sovereignty was not upheld by the Lecompton Constitution because it
a.
outlawed the Republican Party in Kansas elections.
b.
encouraged American Indians to settle in Kansas.
c.
did not allow voters in Kansas the right to completely outlaw slavery.
d.
led to the Civil War.
 

92. 

Who was the person who supposedly said “Let them eat cake” to a desperate French mob?
a.
Marie Antoinette
c.
Louis XVI
b.
Napoléon Bonaparte
d.
Philip Freneau
 

93. 

Searches and seizures without a warrant are illegal as a result of which amendment?
a.
Tenth
c.
Fifth
b.
First
d.
Fourth
 

94. 

The Bill of Rights
a.
provided for fair and just elections.
b.
guaranteed the right to vote.
c.
protected individual liberties.
d.
established U.S. citizenship for all people.
 

95. 

The Union troops that were dispatched to fight in the First Battle of Bull Run
a.
were barely trained.
b.
had soldiers with an average age of 30.
c.
were composed primarily of American Indians.
d.
were very well trained.
 

96. 

The term mountain men referred to
a.
farmers.
c.
fur traders.
b.
mountain climbers.
d.
prospectors.
 

97. 

The U.S. general who led the siege of Mexico City was
a.
Juan Cortina.
c.
Winfield Scott.
b.
John Slidell.
d.
Zachary Taylor.
 

98. 

Frustrated by discrimination in the mining camps, many Chinese prospectors
a.
moved to Canada.
b.
became missionaries and ministered to American Indians.
c.
took jobs, settled in towns, and developed associations with other Chinese immigrants.
d.
moved to Canada.
 

99. 

What new social class developed in northern society in the early 1800s?
a.
upper
c.
lower
b.
middle
d.
poor
 

100. 

The leader of the Bear Flag Revolt was
a.
Juan Cortina.
c.
Stephen Kearny.
b.
John C. Frémont.
d.
Sam Houston.
 

101. 

Who aided the Cherokee by helping them secure a printing press?
a.
Sequoya
c.
John Tyler
b.
Samuel Worcester
d.
Andrew Jackson
 

102. 

George Washington
a.
would not meet citizens in his official residence.
b.
refused to meet with the general public.
c.
disliked social gatherings.
d.
refused to isolate himself from the general public.
 

103. 

Capitalism is an economic system based on
a.
communal ownership of factories.
b.
free markets and private ownership.
c.
public control of key businesses.
d.
strict government control of industries.
 

104. 

How can nationalism be defined?
a.
a hatred for foreigners
c.
national pride and loyalty
b.
international neutrality
d.
hatred of one’s own nation
 

105. 

The revolutionaries who conducted the Reign of Terror were from
a.
Spain.
c.
Portugal.
b.
Italy.
d.
France.
 

106. 

The Oregon Trail
a.
led to Canada.
b.
led from Oregon to the East Coast.
c.
allowed people to travel from Mexico to the Oregon Country.
d.
connected the Midwest with the Oregon Country.
 

107. 

The first Spanish settlers of California and their descendants were named
a.
Californians.
c.
Tejanos.
b.
Mexicans.
d.
Californios.
 

108. 

The opening of the Santa Fe Trail established a trade route for the
a.
Rocky Mountains.
b.
Oregon Country.
c.
Southwest.
d.
East.
 

109. 

The Supreme Court ruled that no African American, whether slave or free, could ever enjoy the rights of a U.S. citizen in the
a.
Dred Scott case.
c.
Compromise of 1850.
b.
Fugitive Slave Act.
d.
Freeport Doctrine.
 

110. 

The experience that the Donner party had shows that
a.
traveling the Oregon Trail was hazardous.
b.
people in that time period did not know how to travel over mountains.
c.
the leaders of the Donner party were inexperienced.
d.
most people died traveling to California.
 

111. 

The Indian Removal Act provided for the relocation of American Indian tribes east of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory in present-day
a.
Texas.
c.
Oklahoma.
b.
New Mexico.
d.
Nevada.
 

112. 

The worst conditions of the Civil War were found in
a.
the hospitals.
b.
the farms of the South.
c.
the prisoner-of-war camps in both the North and the South.
d.
the cities of the South.
 

113. 

Children made up about what percentage of all factory workers in 1832?
a.
10
c.
20
b.
30
d.
40
 

114. 

The largest city in the South during the Civil War was
a.
Atlanta.
c.
New Orleans.
b.
Richmond.
d.
Chancellorsville.
 

115. 

The Union’s plan for blocking all ports in the South was called
a.
the Crittenden Compromise.
c.
the Peninsula Campaign.
b.
Scott’s Plan.
d.
the Anaconda Plan.
 

116. 

In 1836, after Texas declared its independence from Mexico, many Americans opposed admitting Texas to the Union because
a.
adding Texas would also mean adding to the American Indian population in the United States.
b.
Texas allowed slavery.
c.
Texas had a large German-speaking population.
d.
so many Texans were of Mexican descent.
 

117. 

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
a.
a protest against federal taxes on whiskey
b.
an attempt by farmers to raise the price of grains used to make whiskey
c.
a protest against the legal drinking age
d.
a protest staged to gain support for the prohibition of alcohol
 

118. 

Around 1830 the Mexican government was worried about the great influx into Texas by
a.
Spanish settlers.
c.
Americans.
b.
American Indians.
d.
Germans.
 

119. 

The Monroe Doctrine declared that the United States would
a.
expand its territory.
b.
defend the freedoms of other nations.
c.
make alliances with European nations.
d.
remain a neutral power.
 

120. 

A leading Tejano figure in the Texas Revolution was
a.
Juan Cortina.
c.
Antonio López de Santa Anna.
b.
Martín de León.
d.
Juan Seguín.
 



 
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