Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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1.
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The radius
of the circle seismologists draw on a map is equal to the distance from a station to an earthquake's
____________________.
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2.
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Ash, lava,
and ____________________ erupt from the crater of a volcano.
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3.
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____________________ waves arrive at a seismograph station first.
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4.
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____________________ forces cause strike-slip faults.
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5.
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Seismologists use the _________________________ to describe the magnitude of
earthquakes.
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6.
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____________________ move through Earth by causing particles in rocks to move at right
angles to the direction of the waves.
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7.
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One way to
make your home seismic-safe is to put heavy items on ____________________ shelves.
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8.
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When rocks
break because of stress, the energy released is in the form of a(n)
____________________.
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9.
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The boundary
between the upper mantle and the crust is called _________________________.
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10.
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Normal
faults are created by ____________________.
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11.
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____________________ move through Earth by causing particles of rocks to move back and
forth in the same direction as the waves.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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12.
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At a(n) ____
fault, rocks on either side of the fault surface move past each other. a. | elastic | c. | reverse | b. | strike-slip | d. | normal | | | | |
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13.
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A ____ often
forms a mountain when layers of lava and volcanic ash erupt and build up. a. | dike | c. | caldera | b. | volcano | d. | batholith | | | | |
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14.
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Continental drift states that continents have moved ____ to their current
location. a. | quickly | c. | vertically | b. | very little | d. | slowly | | | | |
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15.
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The
hypothesis that continents have slowly moved to their current locations is called
____. a. | magnetic
reversal | c. | convection | b. | continental drift | d. | continental slope | | | | |
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16.
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The
magnitude of an earthquake is measured by the ____. a. | moho
discontinuity | c. | elastic
limit | b. | modified Meralli scale | d. | Richter scale | | | | |
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Figure 10-1
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17.
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According to Figure 10-1, what type of plate boundary occurs between the Nazca Plate
and the South American Plate? a. | convergent oceanic-oceanic plate
boundary | b. | convergent continental-continental plate
boundary | c. | convergent oceanic-continental plate
boundary | d. | transform boundary | | |
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18.
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Bands
of rock on the seafloor showing alternating magnetic orientation indicate Earth's magnetic field has
____. a. | become
stronger | c. | weakened | b. | reversed itself in the past | d. | remained the same | | | | |
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19.
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____ is the
force that causes plates to move sideways past each other. a. | Compression | c. | Tension | b. | Shear | d. | Elastic limit | | | | |
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20.
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The
____ are mountains formed by the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian
Plate. a. | Alps | c. | Rockies | b. | Appalachians | d. | Himalaya | | | | |
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21.
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Plates slide past one another at ____. a. | transform
boundaries | c. | convection
currents | b. | subduction zones | d. | divergent boundaries | | | | |
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22.
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Magma forms
deep inside Earth because of ____. a. | a rise in temperature | c. | an increase in pressure | b. | a drop in
pressure | d. | both a and
b | | | | |
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23.
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____ faults
are caused by compressional forces. a. | Strike-slip | c. | Reverse | b. | Elastic | d. | Normal | | | | |
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24.
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Along a(n)
____ fault, rock above the fault surface moves upward in relation to rock below the fault
surface. a. | reverse | c. | strike-slip | b. | elastic | d. | normal | | | | |
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25.
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The
Great Rift Valley in Africa is a ____. a. | divergent boundary | c. | transform boundary | b. | mid-ocean
ridge | d. | convergent
boundary | | | | |
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26.
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Magma that
squeezes into a horizontal crack between rock layers and hardens is called a ____. a. | batholith | c. | dike | b. | volcanic neck | d. | sill | | | | |
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27.
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Plates of the lithosphere float on the ____. a. | atmosphere | c. | crust | b. | asthenosphere | d. | core | | | | |
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28.
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Active volcanoes are most likely to form at ____. a. | convergent
oceanic–continental boundaries | b. | transform boundaries | c. | divergent
boundaries | d. | the center of continents | | |
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29.
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Plates move apart at ____ boundaries. a. | convergent | c. | stable | b. | transform | d. | divergent | | | | |
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30.
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Magma that
is squeezed into a generally vertical crack that cuts across rock layers and hardens is called a
____. a. | batholith | c. | volcanic
neck | b. | sill | d. | dike | | | | |
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31.
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Seismic
waves ____ when they reach the bottom of the crust. a. | speed
up | c. | slow
down | b. | stay the
same | d. | stop | | | | |
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32.
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When the
force on rocks is great enough, they break, producing vibrations called ____. a. | earthquakes | c. | faults | b. | stresses | d. | strains | | | | |
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33.
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Seafloor spreading occurs because ____. a. | sediments
accumulate at the area of spreading | b. | new material is being added to the
asthenosphere | c. | earthquakes break apart the ocean
floor | d. | molten material beneath Earth's crust rises to the
surface | | |
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34.
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Most of the
rock in Yosemite National Park is an exposed ____. a. | volcanic
rock | c. | dike | b. | sill | d. | batholith | | | | |
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35.
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The
boundary between two plates moving together is called a ____. a. | convergent
boundary | c. | lithosphere | b. | divergent boundary | d. | transform boundary | | | | |
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36.
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A
____ is a sensitive device used to detect magnetic fields on the seafloor. a. | Glomar | c. | seismometer | b. | magnetometer | d. | geologist's compass | | | | |
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37.
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While
studying the ocean floor, scientists found ____ bands of magnetism. a. | plastic | c. | alternating | b. | no | d. | rectangular | | | | |
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38.
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Differences
in ____ cause a volcanic neck to form. a. | eruptive forces | c. | water content | b. | resistance to
erosion | d. | silica
content | | | | |
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39.
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A
____ forms where two oceanic plates collide. a. | rift valley | c. | subduction zone | b. | transform
boundary | d. | hot
spot | | | | |
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40.
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Scientists have observed that the plates move at rates ranging from 1 cm to 12 cm per
____. a. | day | c. | century | b. | year | d. | decade | | | | |
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41.
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Dikes are
formed when ____. a. | magma heats
water | b. | the top of a volcano collapses down | c. | magma enters a vertical
crack between rock layers and hardens | d. | magma enters a horizontal crack between rock layers and
hardens | | |
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42.
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In
order to complete a convection current, the rising material must eventually ____
Earth. a. | warm | c. | stop
inside | b. | sink back into | d. | cool | | | | |
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43.
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If, after an
eruption, the top of a volcano collapses down, a ____ forms. a. | caldera | c. | vent | b. | volcanic neck | d. | crater | | | | |
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44.
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The
crust and upper mantle make up Earth's ____. a. | lithosphere | c. | asthenosphere | b. | continents | d. | core | | | | |
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45.
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At least
____ seismographs are needed to accurately locate an earthquake epicenter.
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46.
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____
are formed when two continental plates collide. a. | Volcanoes | c. | Mountain ranges | b. | Rift
valleys | d. | Strike-slip
faults | | | | |
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47.
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The
Andes mountain range of South America was formed at a ____. a. | transform
boundary | c. | divergent
boundary | b. | hot spot | d. | convergent boundary | | | | |
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48.
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Scientists
discovered changes in Earth's interior by studying ____. a. | tsunamis | c. | changes in seismic
waves | b. | tides | d. | all of the above | | | | |
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49.
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A
fossil plant that helps support the theory of continental drift is ____. a. | Glossopteris | c. | Mesosaurus | b. | Pangaea | d. | Glomar | | | | |
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50.
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Matching ____ on different continents are evidence for continental
drift. a. | weather
patterns | c. | river
systems | b. | wind systems | d. | rock structures | | | | |
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